Death of the 12 apostles wikipedia - He was exiled to the Island of Patmos under the Emperor Domitian for his proclamation of the risen Christ.

 
2 According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. . Death of the 12 apostles wikipedia

777; -111. 858000 (Salt Lake City Cemetery) Neal Ash Maxwell (July 6, 1926 July 21, 2004) was an American scholar, educator, and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from. Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Nisan 14 or 15), the Jerusalem church is founded as the first Christian church with about 120 Jews and Jewish Proselytes (), followed by Pentecost (Sivan 6), the Ananias and Sapphira incident, Pharisee Gamaliel&39;s defense of the Apostles (), the stoning of Saint Stephen (see also Persecution of Christians) and the subsequent dispersion. Luke, (flourished 1st century ce; feast day October 18), in Christian tradition, the author of the Gospel According to Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, a companion of St. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. Oct 4, 2021 &0183; When questioning how did the apostles die, we usually think about the 12 Apostles. Judaism had an office known as apostle ()". Hes one of four people named Philip in the Bible, and hes often confused with Philip the Evangelist, who plays a minor role in Acts. ) The Apostle Philip is only mentioned a handful of. The rest of the Apostles deaths are recorded outside of Scripture,. 10 Two angels warn them to depart, and to look for his second coming 12 they return, and give themselves unto prayer. Philip the Evangelist (Greek , Philippos) appears several times in the Acts of the Apostles. Following trials at Pilate&39;s and Herod&39;s courts, sentenced to death. 40. ) The Apostle Philip is only mentioned a handful of. Abbie Hyde. Paul the Apostle solved this by insisting that salvation by faith in Christ, and participation in his death and resurrection by their baptism, sufficed. In Matthew and Mark, despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, Jesus&39; first four apostles, who were fishermen, are described as immediately consenting, and abandoning. Christianity began with the itinerant preaching and teaching of a deeply pious young Jewish man, Jesus of Nazareth. Oaks as a counselor in the First Presidency, M. Today, the. The two accounts agree that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Judaea, that his mother, Mary, was engaged to a man named Joseph, who was descended from King David and was not his biological father, and that his birth was caused by divine intervention. Sep 11, 2023 &0183; To the best of my knowledge The Bible only has record of one. The succession crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement occurred after the murder of Joseph Smith, the movement&39;s founder, on June 27, 1844. The apostle James died in A. 214 and 340. The word "Apostle" means "messenger; one who has been sent. h Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea (now Ni, Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Constantius, a Roman army officer of Illyrian origin who had been one. Lee was born in Clifton, Idaho, to Samuel Lee and Louisa Emeline. Clues in the Mark 14 passage (the fact the young man was. Herod Agrippa (Roman name Marcus Julius Agrippa; c. 12 Apostels from Macedonia. He was exiled to the Island of Patmos under the Emperor Domitian for his proclamation of the risen Christ. Paul became an apostle later on, and describes himself as such,. Philip, whose remains are kept here, and later to all Apostles. 4 He is sometimes identified with Jude, the brother. Andrew was among the inner circle in the time of Jesus and drew people to Christ and introduce other to the master. Jul 3, 2010 &0183; Death of Apostles - Free download as Word Doc (. Brigham Young (brm ; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877) 3 was an American religious leader and politician. No one doubts that there were two apostles called by the name James, James the son of Zebedee, and James the son of Alphaeus. However, the New Testament records the death of only two of the apostles Judas Iscariot and James the son of Zebedee. Benson, who was appointed by Brigham Young to be a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1846. Bruce R. And you would then most likely think of the Four Gospels. Nelson and the other members of the First. Baur (17921860), professor of theology at Tbingen in Germany, the first scholar to critique Acts and the Pauline Epistles, and founder of the Tbingen School of theology, argued that Paul, as the "Apostle to the Gentiles", was in violent opposition to the original 12 Apostles. the document contains details of how Christian Apostles died. James and John are listed among the Twelve Apostles. James the Younger, thought by some scholars to be the brother of Jesus Christ, lived in the first century A. 583 1213 His grandfather transfers him to Syria c. In all three gospels, the Spirit of God - the Holy Spirit in Luke, "the Spirit" in Mark, and "the Spirit of God" in Matthew - is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by. 11 May 1838 William E. He also served as the quorum&39;s acting president from 1994 to 2008, and was an apostle and. As cited in John 20. Berenice. Orson Hyde (January 8, 1805 November 28, 1878) was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement and a member of the first Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Ignatius of Antioch (n e s ; Greek , Igntios Antiokheas; died c. Gong and Elder Ulisses Soares were sustained as the newest members of that quorum. James the Younger, thought by some scholars to be the brother of Jesus Christ, lived in the first century A. Suggested communities include Rome, Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia and other. There are seven sacraments in the Church Baptism, Confirmation or Chrismation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. James, the apostle of the Lord, was the second recorded martyr after Christs death (Stephen was. 26 27 According to the Gospels, Jesus was the Son of God, who was crucified c. Nov 27, 2023 &0183; St. He was the son of Zebedee and Salome and brother of John the Evangelist. But all four agree that his bowels gushed out (Ewwww) on all four accounts. Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve Apostles, notorious for betraying Jesus. Hinckley turned 90. Burton L. Today, the. Aug 29, 2023 &0183; St. The Acts of the Apostles is a narrative of the apostles&39; ministry and activity after Christ&39;s death and resurrection, from which point it resumes and functions as a sequel to the Gospel of Luke. AD 44), also known as Herod II or Agrippa I (Hebrew), was the last Jewish king of Judea. He has been a general authority of the church since 1993. Sep 1, 1973 &0183; I have always wondered what happened to each of the 12 apostles. McConkie was a member of the First Council of the Seventy of the LDS Church from. Jul 16, 2015 &0183; There is no evidence, in The Bible or elsewhere, that any of the 12 disciples ever visited Rome. Dec 18, 2023 &0183; Andrew C. McBirnie, has written an in-depth and well researched book on the years of each apostle after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and educator who served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2008 until his death. Paul was the "Apostle to the Gentiles" (Romans 1113, Galatians 28, 1 Timothy 27), being called by God as an apostle while on the road. Matthew the tax collector. Peter was originally named Simon. The circumstances of the deaths of the other. Filling a vacancy left in the quorum after the death of President M. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jesus referred to the pair as "Boanerges" (translated "sons of thunder"). Elder Patrick Kearon has joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The circumstances of the deaths of the other. 11 October. John No death date given by early writers. APOSTLE WHERE DIED WHEN DIED MANNER OF DEATH PETER Rome Italy (Nero) 54-56 AD Crucified head down at his own request ANDREW Edessa, Greece AD Severly scourged & ties by ropes on an x-shaped cross where he hung 2 days before dying JAMES Jerusalem (Herod) 44 AD 1st apostle martyred Beheaded with sword. Following the death of church president Howard W. John is the only one of the twelve Apostles to have died a natural death. Duodecim Apostolorum), commonly known simply as Santi Apostoli, is a 6th-century Roman Catholic parish and titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, dedicated originally to St. Ordained an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1906, 3 McKay was an active general. He is sometimes identified with Jude, the brother of Jesus, but is clearly. Matt 418-20 John 135-42;68,9 John 1220-22. The 12 apostles were Jesus Christs closest followers. In the 12th century, a Spanish bishop began to promote the idea that James had come to Spain, despite the account of James martyrdom in Acts 12. Matthew suffered martyrdom at Naddabar in Ethiopia. As an apostle, Kearon has the responsibility to be a special witness of the name of Jesus Christ. The circumstances of the deaths of the other. He is generally identified as Thaddeus and is also variously called Judas Thaddaeus, Jude Thaddaeus, Jude of James, or Lebbaeus and is considered as the founding father and the first Catholicos-Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church. He played a leading role in the. Jesus Sends His Apostles on a Mission - Jesus called his twelve followers together. The Twelve Apostles, (somebody sent forthsent out) were men who, according to the Synoptic Gospels and Christian tradition, were chosen from among the disciples (students) of Jesus Christ for a mission. Apostle Paul (Saul) Wrote half of the New Testament was beheaded by Emperor Nero at Rome. 7772000N 111. Was hanged on an olive tree, Matthias Disciple who filled the place of Judas Acts 120-26 Was stoned and beheaded at Jerusalem. top of the temple and then clubbed to death. 130 c. 12, at home surrounded by loved ones. 2 According to a tradition mentioned by Eusebius, they dispersed to distinct parts of the world. The Acts of the Apostles is a narrative of the apostles&39; ministry and activity after Christ&39;s death and resurrection, from which point it resumes and functions as a sequel to the Gospel of Luke. Each of them were major leaders in the movement which became Christianity and helped spread the gospel throughout the world. The New Testament records that as a disciple, Matthew followed Jesus. Lee was born in Clifton, Idaho, to Samuel Lee and Louisa. It was different this time. Quorum of the Twelve Apostles is organized. 15, 2023 Updated 603 PM PT. Find out the historical evidence and the significance of each apostle&x27;s death for the gospel message. Abbie Hyde. He was exiled to the Island of Patmos under the Emperor Domitian for his proclamation of the risen Christ. Wrote Luke and The Acts. Melvin Russell Ballard Jr. Mark 1039 & Acts 121-2. Judaism had an office known as apostle ()". James, Son of Alphaeus was stoned and clubbed to death in Jerusalem. He was the great-grandson of Ezra T. Jun 22, 2015 &0183; 1. The Apostle was Crucified on an X-shaped Cross, the two ends of which were in the ground. Barnabas, a native of Cyprus and a Levite, is first mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem, who sold the land that he owned and gave the proceeds to the community. Speculative questions abound. Benson at Brigham Young University, 1926. Many wonder how the 12 apostles died, but The New Testament tells of the fate of only two of the apostles Judas, who betrayed Jesus and then went out and hanged himself, and James, the son of Zebedee, who was executed by Herod about 44 AD (Acts 122). 7772000; -111. Russell Ballard, acting president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, died Sunday at the age of 95. Life 11th-century fresco in the Basilica of San Clemente, Rome Saints Cyril and Methodius bring Saint Clement&39;s relics to Rome. Constantine I g (27 February c. They were all real people who lived and died in the first century AD. Patten killed in Battle of Crooked River. John, Son of. 599 2829 Birth of Zainab, his first daughter, followed by Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatima Zahra. Jeffrey D. It tells of the ministry of Jesus from his baptism by John the Baptist to his death, the burial of his body, and the discovery of his empty tomb. Saturday before the sixth Sunday after Pentecost Feast of the Twelve Apostles and Paul the thirteenth Apostle (Armenian Apostolic Church) Attributes Christian martyrdom , sword , book. Find out the historical. On April 6, 1877, Wells dedicated the St. He served his residency in surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and at the University of Minnesota, where he. Was hanged on an olive tree, Matthias Disciple who filled the place of Judas Acts 120-26 Was stoned and beheaded at Jerusalem. ) Probability Grade A James martyrdom, C executioners martyrdom. The rest of the Apostles deaths are recorded outside of Scripture,. Matthias was the apostle that was selected to replace Judas who hung himself. 170 c. Pietro PeruginoWikipedia. 15, 2023 Updated 603 PM PT. In the days following, Peter proposed that the assembled disciples, who numbered about 120, nominate two men to replace Judas. Paul wasn&39;t one of the Twelve. It should say something about the death of Judas Iscariot. May 27, 2020 &0183; v. Richard Gordon Scott (November 7, 1928 September 22, 2015) was an American scientist and religious leader who served as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Modern-day apostles are considered to have the same status and authority as the biblical apostles. Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and educator who served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2008 until his death. The Twelve Tribes, formerly known as the Vine Christian Community Church, 5 the Northeast Kingdom Community Church, 6 the Messianic Communities, 6 and the Community Apostolic Order, 7 is a new religious movement 7 155 founded by Gene Spriggs that sprang out of the Jesus movement in 1972 in Chattanooga. Fragments of similar writings were found at Qumran, but opinions are divided as. Updated Aug 21, 2023. The Death of the Twelve Disciples. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew, and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist. 10 November 1985 20 May 1988. Some are historical, some passed down. One concerns apostolic succession - the idea that the authority of the original 12 apostles has been passed down through the generations, relay-race style. James, (born, Galilee, Palestinedied 44 ce, Jerusalem; feast day July 25), one of the Twelve Apostles, distinguished as being in Jesus innermost circle and the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New. The brother of Simon Peter and son of Jona (or John), Andrews name appears on all of the lists of apostles, and his being called by Jesus appears in all three synoptic gospels as well as Acts. He is the reputed author of the canonical. The succession crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement occurred after the murder of Joseph Smith, the movement&39;s founder, on June 27, 1844. February 22 1 Papias (Greek) was a Greek Apostolic Father, Bishop of Hierapolis (modern Pamukkale, Turkey), and author who lived c. Apr 29, 2013 &0183; From Acts 12 1-2. Russell Ballard a faithful witness of Jesus Christ, devoted husband, beloved father and the Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints died Sunday, Nov. ROME, Italy Nearly 200 years after their original commission and creation, Bertel Thorvaldsens statues of Christus and the ancient 12 apostles are enjoying a homecoming of sorts. How happy is its church, on which apostles poured forth all their doctrine along with their blood Where Peter endures a passion like his Lord&39;s Where Paul wins his crown in a death like John&39;s where the Apostle John was first plunged, unhurt, into boiling oil, and thence remitted to his island-exile. Today, the. 44 after he was beheaded by King Herod I who had launched a new persecution of Christians (Acts. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. John, the son of Zebedee, was assigned by Jesus to take of his mother Mary (John 1925-27), and a strong. htmlHow Did The 12 Apostles Die hIDSERP,5770. 4 Nelson was a member of the LDS Church&39;s Quorum of the Twelve Apostles for nearly 34 years, and was. They are introduced as the Lord Jesus calls each one of them to Him. Luke The Physician. Nelson and the other members of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although a. Allred, Deseret News. Russell Ballard, acting president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, died Sunday at the age of 95. Some believe this to be the same man as James the Just, which would make him the brother of Jesus and a key leader of the early Christian Church after Jesuss death. htmlHow Did The 12 Apostles Die hIDSERP,5770. mujeres cojiendo con, rule 34 latte cookie

Jan 4, 2022 &0183; The only apostle whose death the Bible records is James (Acts 122). . Death of the 12 apostles wikipedia

The Synoptic Gospels list Philip as one of the apostles. . Death of the 12 apostles wikipedia pornos taxi

Some are historical, some passed down. In the larger context (vs. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Council of the Twelve Apostles, or simply the Twelve) is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy. ) Probability Grade A James martyrdom, C executioners martyrdom. Documentary on the Twelve Apostles before and after Jesus's death and resurrection. Johnson, Brigham Young, and Heber C. The claim of his gospel authorship is rejected by most biblical scholars. 577 6 Death of his mother, Amina c. They are introduced as the Lord Jesus calls each one of them to Him. as, from Hebrew Mattiyh; Coptic ; died c. Due to the death of Boyd K. Skinner, Peterthe Chief Apostle, in Go Ye into All the World Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Downloadable SOTs for media. And you would then most likely think of the Four Gospels. Was hanged on an olive tree, Matthias Disciple who filled the place of Judas Acts 120-26 Was stoned and beheaded at Jerusalem. Smith was the president of the Quorum. Peter, but the hymns and iconography of the Church all include the Apostle Paul instead. Peter and Paul were. In all three gospels, the Spirit of God - the Holy Spirit in Luke, "the Spirit" in Mark, and "the Spirit of God" in Matthew - is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by. txt) or read online for free. David Wyman Patten (November 14, 1799 October 25, 1838) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Apostles and preachers traveled to Jewish communities around the Mediterranean Sea, and initially attracted Jewish converts. John No death date given by early writers. According to both sources, SaulPaul was not a follower of Jesus and did not know him before his crucifixion. His death is recorded in Acts 122. Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 December 26, 1973) was an American religious leader and educator who served as the 11th the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death in December 1973. 1See more. Saint Peter Saint Peter note 1 (Imperial Aramaic , romanized Shimoun Bar Younah; died AD 64-68), 1 also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas (Imperial Aramaic , romanized Kipa, lit. An Apostle is a special witness of Jesus Christ - one who especially witnesses of His divinity (that He is a deity) and that He was resurrected from the dead. One famous apostle, John, the author of the fourth Gospel, the Book of John, is known to be the only apostle to die of old age. John the Apostle 11 (Ancient Greek ; Latin Ioannes 12 c. To order Apostle for &163;16 (RRP &163;20) go to bookshop. He was appointed after the death of Judas Iscariot; He wasnt called into the group by Jesus; Four passages in the Bible list the names of all 12 apostles (technically the last one only lists 11, because Judas Iscariot was dead). Oct 26, 2022 &0183; Our Lord originally appointed twelve apostles as his initial Church community, commissioned with the task of sharing the faith. Born on a farm in Whitney, Idaho, Benson was the oldest of eleven children. At the time of his death, President Ballard was the longest-tenured general. Apostle (production company), a television production company founded by Jim Serpico and Denis Leary. Only 7 of the 13 letters, however, can be accepted as being entirely authentic (dictated by. Russell Ballard, acting president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, died Sunday at the age of 95. Following the death of church president Howard W. Judaism had an office known as apostle ()". The Bible lists the names of the twelve disciples in Matthew 1024, Mark 31619 and Luke 61316. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Hales was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. Due to the death of Boyd K. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew, and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City Deseret Book, 2002), 187219. King Herod had James put to death with the sword, likely a reference to beheading. Herod Agrippa (Roman name Marcus Julius Agrippa; c. Honorary scholastic societies include Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha. In the New Testament, the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus refers to the trial of Jesus before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body) following his arrest in Jerusalem and prior to the trial before Pontius Pilate. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. 130 AD 2 3 He wrote the Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord (Greek) in five books. AD 44), also known as Herod II or Agrippa I (Hebrew), was the last Jewish king of Judea. Nelson and ordained later in the day by President Nelson and the rest of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve. F. Hunter, Eyring was sustained as a member of the church&39;s Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on April 1, 1995 and ordained an apostle later that week. 15, 2023 Updated 603 PM PT. Quentin LaMar Cook (born September 8, 1940) is an American religious leader and former lawyer and business executive who is currently a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). and M. Haight was the second oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). " Both words mean "rock," so, yes, his name is Simon "the. After 37 years of research and numerous trips to both Europe and the Holy Land, Mr. Also known as Simon, Simon Peter, or Cephas (Rock), Peter was a gregarious, natural leader, and an obvious spokesperson for the twelve. When he was 12 years old, his father was called as a missionary to the midwestern. Pietro PeruginoWikipedia. No one doubts that there were two apostles called by the name James, James the son of Zebedee, and James the son of Alphaeus. Hunter is the only Acting President to serve while the actual president was still a member of the quorum. 12, at home surrounded by loved ones. Nov 27, 2023 &0183; St. Death of Romney. Recent News. The 12 apostles were Jesus Christs closest followers. Nov 22, 2023 &0183; 1 Answer. Ballard, one of the highest ranking leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, died Sunday, Nov. Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 December 26, 1973) was an American religious leader and educator who served as the 11th the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death in December 1973. He was the son of Zebedee and Salome and brother of John the Evangelist. Jude (flourished 1st century ce; Western feast day October 28, Eastern feast days June 19 and August 21) one of the original Twelve Apostles of Jesus. 11 BC c. Regardless of whether the prophecy was about Matthias, he was apparently stoned and then beheaded late in the 1st century. Jude (flourished 1st century ce; Western feast day October 28, Eastern feast days June 19 and August 21) one of the original Twelve Apostles of Jesus. The word "Apostle" means "messenger; one who has been sent. 15 Peter exhorting to fill-up the place of the. The nativity of Jesus, nativity of Christ, birth of Jesus or birth of Christ is described in the biblical gospels of Luke and Matthew. 130 AD 2 3 He wrote the Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord (Greek) in five books. Philip, whose remains are kept here, and later to all Apostles. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Quorum of the Twelve, the Council of the Twelve Apostles, or simply the Twelve) is one of the governing bodies in the church hierarchy. 214 and 340. 858 (Salt Lake City Cemetery) Bruce Redd McConkie (July 29, 1915 April 19, 1985) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1972 until his death. He gave them power over evil spirits and power to heal every kind of disease and sickness. Thomas the Apostle to Edessa in order to heal King Abgar V of Osroene, who had fallen ill. Following the Saviors death, the Apostles spread the gospel, and the Church grew quickly throughout the Roman Empire. . xxx bi