In this inactive state, it's hard to tell what physically differentiates the two monsters, but the most striking contrast is the Rare Wubbox's modest bed count - it's only one We're hoping to learn more once this cryptic creature is powered up with monsters. So the conclusion is you need 10 breedings with 10 torches lit to breed Ghazt. so all you gotta do is not want it. Here are some insider secrets to help you on your breeding journey Understand the ghazt breeding requirements Ghazts have unique breeding requirements, which include specific combinations of elemental monsters and breeding structures. I got a Whisp after like 12-15 attempts with fewer torches lit than you. Grumpyre was added on August 19th, 2013 during Version 1. Rare Glowl is a Double-Element Rare Fire Monster. Upon choosing one of these combinations, Ghazt takes about 1 day and 12 hours (if Plant) or 10 hours (if Ethereal) to. The Deedge may take a little more work. This is the quickest and most convenient way to get breeding monsters. Once Ghazt has been fed to at least level 5, it can be teleported to The Colossingum from either Plant Island or Ethereal Island, although the latter is recommended, due to Ghazt being easier to breed there. Welcome to this new video The Rare Ghazt breeding tutorial 100 with all the combinations for the monster DI also put the sound and animation I hope you w. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 6 hours long. Pinghound is a Dreamythical Monster exclusive to Mythical Island. It was added on May 12th, 2017 during Version 2. Like Noggins, Pummels are closely in tune with the Earth. It was added to The Colossingum on June 21st, 2023, during Version 3. glYiNRBkTwitch httpwww. How do you breed a Ghazt on the first try Breeding Entbrat and Bowgart. When available, it is best obtained by breeding two Triple-Element Monsters that have the Cold Element, or by purchasing from the StarShop. The little stinker is so rare, it makes you wonder if. Make sure you have an open spot ready. Bowgart is a Triple-Element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. Rare Whisp is a Double-Element Rarethereal Monster exclusive to Ethereal Island. With a blend of strategy, patience, and. Some combinations that result in a Whisp in a breeding failure include Whisp and Rare Whisp (Best choice, 100 chance of a Whisp if Rare Whisp is unavailable). incubate the eggs for two months until they hatch. complaylistlistPLpVT4hckyBjccYLSKBZuK3UgKGNqp43FRAll monster sounds http. By default, its breeding time is 2 days, 4 hours, and 30 minutes long. Ghazt was added in 1. Entbrat and Pummel. What are the odds of breeding a rare Ghazt They definitely feel higher on Ethereal Island but Plant Island is like 1282,589,9331. The Deedge may take a little more work. I'm Soo Excited I Got One and especially on cameraFriend Code 70123063AFTwitter httpsm. Rare Glowl is a Double-Element Rare Fire Monster. Breeding the rare monsters is only available during weekends, so remember to check out My Singing Monsters every Friday Rare furcorn First spotted October 10, 2014 Market price 40 diamonds Rare thumpies First spotted October 17, 2014 Market price 65 diamonds Rare Continue reading List of rare monsters . Entbrat T-Rox. It is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Furcorn. Monster Bio Pummel is a Triple-Element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. In other words, each combination MUST include the Entbrat. Place monsters that like decorations near them. glYiNRBkTwitch httpwww. With only a 0. There is a low probability of successfully breeding a Ghazt. The first thing you need to breed a Ghazt is two monsters with the elements of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. It was added on October 15th, 2016 during Version 2. 2 x 2 Size Required Breeding Combinations Likes Monsters Who Like It Selling Price 750,000 Ethereal 20 Costumes Placement XP Plant 375,000 Ethereal 10,125 In other Games Composer Ghazt (Composer) Contents. Its breeding combination is the same as its Common variant. Breeding the ghazt in My Singing Monsters can be a bit difficult if you dont know which two monsters to combine. glYiNRBkTwitch httpwww. Audio Sample Instrument Guzheng Xyster plays a sound. The breeding time for a Shugabush is 35 hours. The Rare Quibble can be produced by breeding monsters with the elements of Air and Water. Entbrat and T-Rox. As an Epic Monster, it is only available at select times. On Ethereal Island, it is best obtained by breeding Nebulob and Jeeode. Once you have the Entbrat and Ghazt monsters in your game, its time to breed them to try and get a rare Ghazt monster. Breed Time 6 hours or 4 hours 30 minutes. Entbrat and Bowgart. A rumor says that they use a secret ingredient to make their monster-mochi make a sound on impact, but no-one really knows what it is. More than 90 of the time, the breeding result will be a Triple Element Monster of the. Possible combinations Entbrat and Bowgart Entbrat and Clamble Entbrat and Pummel Entbrat and T-Rox;. Moreover, you. It is unlocked at level 7, when acquiring the Breeding Structure. I have unironically finished cold and water island before getting all the commons on plant island because of this. There is a low probability of successfully breeding a Ghazt. so all you gotta do is not want it. you cannot breed with seasonals or ethereals on natural islands. How do you make a Mammot 100 happy For every unique liked item that is placed within two squares distance from the monster, the monsters happiness is increased by 25. Chance of breeding is 0. But I don't know if it's a pure 5 or if it's &215;1,01 with multiple torches. Required Level 1. By default, its breeding time is 1 day and 12 hours long. Reebro is a Single-Element Ethereal Monster with the Mech element. It was added on October 24th, 2014 during the 1. Permanent upgrades to these Structures to Enhanced Breeding Structure and Enhanced Nursery further affect these times, as can Island Skins. Breed Time 6 hours or 4 hours 30 minutes. This is the category page for Breeding. The little stinker is so rare, it makes you wonder if. The Entbrat is easy to get. Upon choosing one of these combinations, Ghazt takes about 1 day and 12 hours (if Plant) or 10 hours (if Ethereal) to. Reebro has a great coin production on Air Island and is comparable to Riff. Although a Rare Monster,. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. Remember that some have the same combination, but it is harder to get that specific outcome since they are considered rare like Ghazt and Rare Ghazt, for example. For the category, see CategoryCandy Island. How To Breed Epic Ghazt On Ethereal Island MSMAimeePlaysMSM httpsyoutube. The breedincubation time for the Entbrat is one day (default) or 18 hours when enhanced. Jeeode was added alongside Boodoo on September 19th, 2013 during Version 1. Ghazt Grumpyre. The Ethereal Island provides a unique opportunity to breed rare monsters like Ghazt. The MSM Plant Island breeding chart table below features the indigenous monsters of this location and designed to assist with completing your monster collection book. Feb 9, 2023 Head to the Breeding Structure and select both Deedge and your three-element monster of choice. Breeding an Entbrat is not easy, but you can do it with patience and luck. Breeding Combinations Both parents must be three-element. Entbrat and Pummel. A new Ghazt will join your island after the eggs hatch. However, these traits also make it vulnerable to accidental interdimensional travel. 0 2nd Anniversary Update. Breeding Sox can be bred using a combination of two Single-Element Ethereal Monsters. 6, although it has been added to each island on separate dates. According to statistics, doing 70 attempts gives you a 50 chance of successfully breeding at least one Jeeode; and doing 690 attempts gives you a 99. Ghazt unfortunately isextremely har. G&39;joob is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Pummel. Boost earnings by placing decorations If you want to boost your grumpyres earnings, we also show you the decorations and monsters you need to place near your grumpyre in order to obtain the 25-50-75-100 earning bonus. These Monsters must be at least level 4 or higher for the best chance of breeding a Schmoochle. Rare Glowl is a Double-Element Rare Fire Monster. By default, its breeding time is 12 hours long. Just breed any two monsters with. ago No it&x27;s much higher than that lol. These monsters are unlike the Natural Monsters they are very difficult to breed (and in some cases synthesize) and they have their own Islands where they can produce Shards, which is a valuable currency that is. Remember that some have the same combination, but it is harder to get that specific outcome since they are considered rare like Ghazt and Rare Ghazt, for example. We don&39;t know about the odds of breeding other Ethereals, and we don&39;t know about other combinations being used to breed Ghazts. You cant use them for breeding outside of Ethereal Island, yes, but breeding for them, OP was asking about. Shugabush is a member of the Legendary Shugafam class of Monsters, and is found on Plant Island. According to statistics, doing 70 attempts gives you a 50 chance of successfully breeding at least one Grumpyre; and doing 690 attempts gives you a 99. Monsters could be upgraded by supplying them with snacks. G&39;joob is best obtained by breeding T-Rox and Pummel. Ghazt Epic Pixolol gives you a monster called an Opti. It was added alongside Parlsona on March 14th, 2017 during Version 2. To breed a Ghazt in My Singing Monsters, you can employ the combination of Entbrat with any of the three Element monsters Bowgart, Clamble, or T-Rox. Type in your time. What is the fastest to breed Ghazt 100 How to Breed Ghazt in My Singing Monsters You can breed a Ghazt in My Singing Monsters by combining Enbrat. It was added on October 23rd, 2012 during Version 1. Breeding two Entbrats will result in an egg that takes 48 hours to hatch. Times listed in parentheses are based on the Enhanced Breeding Structure. The Ghazt can only be bred using certain monsters. Firstly, the Ghazt can only be bred using four specific monsters Grumpyre, Reebro, Jeeode, and Humbug. Its breeding combination is the same as its Common variant. Its Pinkerton. How to breed ghazt How to breed grumpyre How to breed reebro How To Breed Jeeode How To Breed Humbug Portions of the materials used are trademarks ando. How to breed Rare Strombonin on Mythical and Cold Island All island songs httpswww. complaylistlistPLpVT4hckyBjccYLSKBZuK3UgKGNqp43FRAll monster sounds http. How To Breed Epic Ghazt On Ethereal Island MSMAimeePlaysMSM httpsyoutube. ThatOneFurry666 10 mo. A new Ghazt will join your island after the eggs hatch. Xyster is a Double-Element Magical Monster exclusive to Magical Sanctum. Rare Ghazt Nine Default one day, 21 hours, 30 min Enhanced one day, ten hours, seven min, 30 sec. It is best obtained by breeding Bowgart and Spunge. When available, it is best obtained by breeding two Triple-Element Monsters that have the Earth Element, or by purchasing from the StarShop. By default, its breeding time is 12 hours long. Once you have the Entbrat and Ghazt monsters in your game, its time to breed them to try and get a rare Ghazt monster. 5 chance of success, this rare monster is the. Breeding the rare monsters is only available during weekends, so remember to check out My Singing Monsters every Friday Rare. so either my luck or something. Statistically speaking, each breeding combination has only a 1 chance of successfully producing a Ghazt. Yes, but is extremely aggravating. On Shugabush Island, the Rare Quibble must either be purchased with diamonds or teleported from any other island it is found on (not including Gold) once it reaches level 15. I have 14 ghazts without buying any it's not that hard. Epic Ghazt has a great coin production on Plant Island that is. It was added alongside Rare Candelavra and Rare Bona-Petite on November 15th, 2023 during Version 4. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. It was added on February 5th, 2020 during Version 2. It is best obtained by breeding Riff and T-Rox. 1 yr. All the patience in the world. It is unlocked at level 9. A full list of possible breeding combinations are listed below. For example, players have a chance of breeding a Rare Fwog by combining level-four. As a Double-Element Ethereal, Nebulob does not have a high shard production. However, this percentage jumps up to 99. Using this guide will help you get the ghazt faster than simply trying combinations. Its breeding time is relatively short at 1 day, 21 hours, and 30 minutes, making it a great choice for those who want to get started quickly. Jul 13, 2023 To breed Ghazt in My Singing Monsters, you can combine Enbrat with any of these three elemental Monsters. comwbshowSubscribe httpgoo. It is best obtained by breeding Thumpies and Congle. Bowgart is a Triple-Element Monster that is first unlocked on Plant Island. Discover how to breed the rare monster ghazt in this ultimate guide to ghazt breeding. Like this, it's a 98 chance to get the three element, 1 chance to get an entbrat, and 1 chance to get the Ghazt. There is a low probability of successfully breeding a Ghazt. This video shows you how to breed Ghazt on Plant island of My Singing. Ghazt Epic Pixolol gives you a monster called an Opti. Only epic monsters are non breedable. Here are some insider secrets to help you on your breeding journey Understand the ghazt breeding requirements Ghazts have unique breeding requirements, which include specific combinations of elemental monsters and breeding structures. I lit all 10 torches and it took me like 4 or 5 tries unless i got smth else still not sure but it tok 21 hours with upgraded structure. Unlock the secrets of My Singing Monsters and discover how to breed a rare or epic Ghazt Our expert guide reveals the essential elements needed to create th. Apr 12, 2023 Unlock the Secrets of Breeding Rare Ghazt - How Long Does it Really Take" Get ready to dive into the world of monster breeding as we explore the elusive Gha. When available, it is best obtained by breeding two Triple-Element Monsters that have the Plant Element, or by purchasing from the StarShop. Times listed in parentheses are based on the Enhanced Breeding Structure. It is bred using the same combination as its Common variant, being Ghazt and Humbug. It likes Mammott Flappy Flag Guitree Babayag and Tower monsters, while Ghazt and Rare Entbrat creatures will especially enjoy it. The Ghazt can be bred using a combination of four different. gg8erXPrf Friend Code 86359306KG. Oh, that's a Rare Ghazt according the wiki Congrats for you. This is because a Clamble takes more time. Upon choosing one of these combinations, Ghazt takes about 1 day and 12 hours (if Plant) or 10 hours (if Ethereal) to hatch. Place them on an island together and in no time youll have an Entbrat. It is best obtained by breeding Deedge and a Triple-Element Monster. Is it possible to breed a Wubbox The Wubbox cannot be bred; it can only be purchased in the Market for coins. Unknown, we only know normal ghazts 1 from research but the others are not available long enough to do research. Not 1 added per breeding attempt p Edit grammar. MSM Friend. By default, its breeding time is 12 hours long. Ghazt is a single-element Ethereal Monster with the Plasma element. There is also now a File Policy that editors should read before uploading any files. comchannelUCy5vN7kmq0phTzterv5UAwBecome A Member Today httpswww. Ghazt egg Ghazt icon The ghazt lives here. Thanks For Watching Please Subscribe if you Enjoyed Follow Me On Other Platforms if You WantTwitter- httpstwitter. Breeding Combinations Purchased from the market or from breeding failure. Entbrat and Clamble. So the conclusion is you need 10 breedings with 10 torches lit to breed Ghazt. how rare is the epic ghazt The wiki says to breed a furcorn with a t rox but I haven't been able to get it to work. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. Just breed any two monsters with the double element trait, like the Mammott and the Potbelly. Visit the my singing monsters breeding times wiki page. When available, it is obtained by purchasing in the Market for 250. We don&39;t know about the odds of breeding other Ethereals, and we don&39;t know about other combinations being used to breed Ghazts. As of now, there are 145 known species of Monsters 20 of which are available in the public releases of the game to buy or breed each categorized into one of the several classes and fall into one or more elements, with 94. Like this, it's a 98 chance to get the three element, 1 chance to get an entbrat, and 1 chance to get the Ghazt. It was added on June 1st, 2022 during Version 3. Feb 9, 2023 Head to the Breeding Structure and select both Deedge and your three-element monster of choice. Yes, but is extremely aggravating. Tips and tricks for beginners and techniques for experienced players. ThatOneFurry666 10 mo. What are the odds of breeding a rare Ghazt They definitely feel higher on Ethereal Island but Plant Island is like 1282,589,9331. Here are the possible combinations Entbrat Bowgart. Ghazt and grumpyre can breed the whisp monster. READ MORE. This combination has a 1 chance of producing a Ghazt. The combination is Ghazt and Jeeode; Sox can also be bred in breeding failures. As a Quint-Element Fire Monster on a Magical Island, Drummidary is only available at select times. Entbrat and T-Rox. By default, its incubation time is. It is unlocked at level 7, when acquiring the Breeding Structure. (It would be possible to breed a Rare Entbrat with this method as well, but only when the Rare Entbrat is being offered). The Ghazt is an ultra-rare monster in My Singing Monsters that was released on the 14th of June, 2013. Epic Grumpyre has a great Coin production on Cold Island that is bested by very few Monsters. Plasma is an Ethereal element in My Singing Monsters that is manifested by the Ghazt on Plant Island, as well as Ethereal Island. You can also breed more monsters, such as the blue violin monster from Clamble, to improve and earn a little more money. G'joob is best obtained by breeding T-Rox. Reebro was added on June 28th, 2013 during Version 1. The probability of breeding Ghazt is 12. All the patience in the world. Only epic monsters are non breedable. Entbrat and Pummel. To breed a Ghazt, youll first need to obtain its required monsters the Entbrat and the Deedge. long island weather radar, craigslist ellicott city
It was added alongside Rare Krillby on February 8th, 2023 during Version 3. . How to breed the rare ghazt
Discover the Secret to Breeding a Rare Ghazt in Just 36 Hours My Singing Monsters players, listen up If you've been struggling to breed a Ghazt, our expert. With bonus breeder it&39;s easy task. Firstly, the Ghazt can only be bred using four specific monsters Grumpyre, Reebro, Jeeode, and Humbug. Apr 16, 2023 Monsters Created Through Breeding. I&39;m running long term experiment on breeding Ghazt with 10 permanently lighted torches. Epics are the ultimate forms of your favorite Monsters. The other combination is to breed a Grumpyre and a Reebro. The probability of breeding Ghazt is 12. The monsters must be the right combination of elements. The other combination is to breed a Grumpyre and a Reebro. What are the odds of breeding a rare Ghazt They definitely feel higher on Ethereal Island but Plant Island is like 1282,589,9331. Once you have access to this mystical island, you can start working towards breeding a Jeeode. All of these traits come together to create the most impressive and coveted creatures in the Monster World. The only exceptions are Ethereal Breeding Bonanzas. Monculus is a Seasonal Monster that celebrates the Life-Formula season and is found on Ethereal Island and Wublin Island. The best way to get it is to breed Entbrat and T-Rox. Rare Strombonin is a Rare Mythical Monster that is found on Cold Island. With bonus breeder it&39;s easy task. Ghazt Grumpyre Reebro Jeeode Humbug. This massive Monster's great bellow vibrates the particles of the world from the clouds in the sky to the stones in the ground. They are said to be made of gas and dust, and they are incredibly hard to breed. Imbued with the Ethereal power of Plasma, its sleek frame and ability to become intangible are ideal for slipping in and out of places unnoticed. The Ethereal Island provides a unique opportunity to breed rare monsters like Ghazt. It was added on July 13th, 2015 during the 1. The Rare Quibble can be produced by breeding monsters with the elements of Air and Water. This guide includes every monster&39;s recipe for common, rare, and epic, breeding times, and costs if you buy them from the shop. To skip breeding and obtain the Shugabush immediately, select the option to pay 35 diamonds. You cannot breed a ghazt rare entbrat combo. As a Rare Double-Element Ethereal, Rare Whisp. With all 10 torches lit, you have an 11 chance to get an ethereal. After 70 breeding attempts, theres a 50 chance of successfully breeding a Ghazt. More than 90 of the time, the breeding result will be a Triple Element Monster of the. G'Joob doesn't seem to take as long, but the Ghazt is more noticeable in the song. On Plant Island, you can breed Rare Ghazt with the same combinations mentioned above for a limited period announced in the game; remember, the odds are much thinner than regular Ghazt. Banchi is the beloved mythical of Candy Island. Hello guys i hope this was helpful and if it did smash the like button and subscribe for more videos. As a. It was added alongside Parlsona on March 14th, 2017 during Version 2. I did Entbrat T-Rox for about two weeks (I play every day but I may have let an egg or two just sit around past when it was ready) and I managed to get a Ghazt. Entbrat and T-Rox. Hello guys i hope this was helpful and if it did smash the like button and subscribe for more videos. How To Breed Ghazt My Singing MonstersHey guys In this video I will show you how to breedGhazt in my singing monsters. As a Rare Monster, it is only available at select times. As a. For example, Entbrat T-Rox is a better choice for a Ghazt than Entbrat Clamble. If you bring wishing torches into it, just know they give 1 of your total breed chance. You can get a Ghazt by breeding Entbrat and Bowgart. Usually, the Ghazt need to be bred on the Plant Island. The chance of getting epic ghazt is very small but torches make it a little bigger, thats all I know. The Rare Quibble can be produced by breeding monsters with the elements of Air and Water. Rare Toe Jammer is a Single-Element Rare Monster. gg8erXPrf-----Instagram GoldenAleXYT. To breed ghazt, you need to combine the elements of air and ethereal on your breeding structure. To breed Ghazt, you will need to use specific combinations, including the monster called Entbrat and another. glYiNRBkTwitch httpwww. Breeding Ghazt with 10 torches. Being a rare ethereal monster, the Ghazt is not easy to come by. Is it possible to breed a Wubbox The Wubbox cannot be bred; it can only be purchased in the Market for coins. It was added to The Colossingum on June 21st, 2023, during Version 3. The "Ghaztnip" mentioned in its description. Permanent upgrades to these Structures to Enhanced Breeding Structure and Enhanced Nursery further affect these times, as can Island Skins. Ghazt breeding takes time and patience, light ten wishing touches then breed a level 15 enbrat and a level 10 t-rox. It was added alongside Knucklehead and Frondley on April 7th, 2021 during Version 3. Upon choosing one of these combinations, Ghazt takes about 1 day and 12 hours (if Plant) or 10 hours (if Ethereal) to hatch. Jul 16, 2023 Once youve successfully bred a Ghazt, youll need to incubate the egg to hatch it. Ghazt can be bred using a combination of an Entbrat and one Triple-Element Monster. By default, its breeding time is 2 days, 4 hours, and 30 minutes long. Wishing Torches will increase your chance to 20 to 30 for a successful breeding rate. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. How To Breed Ghazt My Singing MonstersHey guys In this video I will show you how to breed Ghazt in my singing monsters. The breeding process will take around one day and two hours on Plant Island and 10 hours on Ethereal Island. 6, although it has been added to each island on separate dates. Remember that some have the same combination, but it is harder to get that specific outcome since they are considered rare like Ghazt and Rare Ghazt, for example. Reebro has a great coin production. You will need to wait for their event to pop up to allow the. It is best obtained by breeding Bowgart and Spunge. What are the odds of breeding a rare Ghazt They definitely feel higher on Ethereal Island but Plant Island is like 1282,589,9331. You cannot breed a ghazt rare entbrat combo. On Shugabush Island, the Rare Quibble must either be purchased with diamonds or teleported from any other island it is found on (not including Gold) once it reaches level 15. Make sure you have an open spot ready. But I don't know if it's a pure 5 or if it's &215;1,01 with multiple torches. Heres a list of the rare monsters found in My Singing Monsters. Entbrat and Clamble. Successfully breeding a Ghazt is often seen as a significant achievement in the My Singing Monsters community. It is best obtained. It plays well with the other Monsters, but just like a cat, it sometimes. Breed Time 6 hours or 4 hours 30 minutes. Feb 24, 2014 00. How do you breed a rare epic Ghazt Breeding. In addition, the second monster needed has to be a. So the conclusion is you need 10 breedings with 10 torches lit to breed Ghazt. All natural 2 element monsters have a 8 hour breeding time except for Maw and Dumpler because those are the first ones you get. Youll see the Ghazt egg in your Nursery, waiting to be incubated. comEthanPureIRL YouTube Channel- . I recommend using T-rox as the three element, as it has the shortest breeding time. Ghazt also has Rare and Epic Monster variations, but its normal version is useful in its own right Acquiring Ghazt requires one of a few specific breeding compositions, the best of which will be. However, these traits also make it vulnerable to accidental interdimensional travel. Fwog and mammott can breed the t-rox monster. Wait for the breeding period to end. Audio sample Voice actress Maggie Park Whisp&39;s contribution to the Island&39;s. Please take a while, because the Ghazt will take 36 hours to breed or 36 diamonds to finish instantly. For years untold, the Banchi have been making the popular glutinous rice snack that is the monster-mochi, through which they also play their unique song. By default, its breeding time is 8 hours long. Arackulele and Ghazt. comEthanPureIRL YouTube Channel- . Ghazt consumes 5 beds. In Ethereal Island, the main difference in breeding mechanics between this Island and the Natural Islands is that Ethereal Monsters can now breed with each other, including those with Rare Monster modifiers. Normal Ghazt is 1, so rare ghazt is probably quite a bit lower than that, but not a hundred millionth of a percent chance. For the Island, see Shugabush Island. It is manifested in multiple Monsters across multiple Islands. Here are the possible combinations Entbrat Bowgart. There is roughly a 1 chance (5 chance in Ethereal Breeding Bonanzas) of success. Pinghound is a Dreamythical Monster exclusive to Mythical Island. . classic cars for sale in iowa